The law-making process is an important indicator of the legal and political structure of states. In this article, we will attempt to provide brief information about the law-making methods applicable in our country and some other countries.

In Turkiye, law proposals are passed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkiye and become law, and are published by the President and enter into force. The President may return laws for further consideration. If these laws are approved by an absolute majority of the Assembly members, the President is obliged to promulgate them. The constitutionality of laws may be reviewed by the Constitutional Court.

In the United States, the law-making process is carried out through the Senate and the House of Representatives, the lower houses of Congress. For bills to become law, they must be approved by both houses and signed by the President. Although the President has the right to veto laws, Congress can override this veto with a two-thirds majority vote in both houses. The US Supreme Court has the authority to strike down laws if they are found to be unconstitutional.

In the United Kingdom, the law-making process is carried out by a bicameral parliament consisting of the House of Commons and the House of Lords. A bill that completes the legislative process in both houses of Parliament becomes law after receiving royal assent. In practice, although the Crown has the power of veto, this power has not been exercised since the 18th century. There is no judicial review of laws.

In Switzerland, the law-making process is conducted in a manner open to direct public participation. After bills are passed by the Federal Assembly, the public may request a referendum. In Switzerland, the head of state does not have veto power, but laws can be rejected by the people through a referendum if a certain number of signatures are collected. In Switzerland, the Federal Court can annul laws if they are found to be unconstitutional.

In France, laws are enacted with the approval of the French Parliament, consisting of the National Assembly and the Senate, and come into force upon the signature of the President. The President may send laws back to Parliament for reconsideration, but if they are approved again, he or she must publish the law. The French Constitutional Council can review the constitutionality of proposed laws before they come into force.

This summary of lawmaking methods can be considered a good starting point for understanding the differences between legal systems. We hope this short review will be helpful for those wishing to compare various legislative systems.